GDF-11

Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (BMP-11)

Evidence & Status

  • Preliminary / Experimental
  • Preliminary

At a Glance

A TGF-β family protein studied in contested, assay-sensitive aging research. Mouse findings vary by model, dose, and measurement approach; no verified human interventional evidence is established.

Plain English

Researchers study GDF-11 because it has been investigated in animal aging biology, but results vary across models, doses, and measurement methods. Human evidence here is observational quantification, not rejuvenation treatment evidence.

Overview

GDF-11 is a TGF-β-superfamily protein studied in aging biology. This field is contested and assay-sensitive: mouse findings differ by model, dose, and measurement approach. The evidence does not establish human interventional efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, or dosing.

Research Summary

Mouse cardiac findings, broader young-systemic-factor brain research, and human observational quantification must remain distinct. The human evidence is observational measurement, not rejuvenation treatment evidence, and does not establish a settled age-related decline or a human treatment effect.

Research Areas

  • Cardiac rejuvenation
  • Adult neurogenesis
  • Skeletal muscle aging
  • Parabiosis biology
  • Circulating longevity factors

Safety & Risks

Serious Risks

  • No established human safety or pharmacokinetic profile.
  • Animal concerns should not be generalized beyond the studied model and dose.

Reported Side Effects

  • No established human safety profile; animal findings should remain model- and dose-specific.
United States
Research use only (recombinant protein)
United Kingdom
Research use only
Australia
Research use only
Canada
Research use only

Citations & Sources