All Compounds

A research peptide derived from a protective protein found in gastric juice, commonly studied for its potential roles in tissue healing and recovery. Most frequently explored in research involving tendons, ligaments, muscles, and the gastrointestinal tract.

A synthetic heptapeptide corresponding to the actin-binding motif LKKTETQ (residues 17–23 of thymosin beta-4). This record covers the LKKTETQ fragment only — not full-length thymosin beta-4, which is a distinct 43-amino-acid protein. Studied in preclinical models for wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and tissue repair effects.

A selective growth hormone secretagogue studied for its ability to prompt the body's own growth hormone release through a specific receptor pathway. Among the most selective compounds of its type, commonly explored in anti-aging and metabolic research.

A modified growth hormone-releasing hormone analogue studied for its ability to extend the body's natural growth hormone release signals. Commonly explored in research on growth hormone biology, body composition, and metabolic health.

A synthetic version of the first 29 amino acids of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), the natural signal the hypothalamus uses to prompt pituitary growth hormone production. Studied in the context of age-related decline in growth hormone secretion and pituitary function assessment.

A synthetic analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone studied for its simultaneous effects on skin pigmentation, sexual arousal pathways, and appetite. Not approved for medical use; most evidence comes from preclinical research and small, uncontrolled human studies.

An FDA-approved melanocortin receptor agonist used as VYLEESI for acquired, generalized HSDD in premenopausal women. It acts through central nervous system pathways involved in sexual desire.

An FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. One of the most extensively studied metabolic compounds available, with large-scale clinical trial data supporting its effects on blood sugar, body weight, and cardiovascular health.

An FDA-approved dual hormone receptor agonist activating both GIP and GLP-1 pathways, used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. Clinical trials have demonstrated among the largest weight reductions of any pharmacological compound studied to date.

A synthetic growth hormone secretagogue studied for its ability to stimulate growth hormone release, with additional research interest in potential cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects that appear to be independent of its hormonal activity.

A growth hormone-releasing peptide studied for its ability to stimulate growth hormone secretion and, notably, to strongly stimulate appetite — a property that has attracted research interest in muscle wasting and cachexia contexts.

A synthetic tetrapeptide originally derived from a bovine pineal gland extract, studied for its potential connections to telomere biology, antioxidant activity, and age-related changes in the pineal gland. The majority of research was conducted by Russian scientists over several decades.

A synthetic tuftsin-derived peptide studied primarily for anxiety, stress, and cognitive-related effects. Small human studies have reported anxiolytic effects, while much of the detailed mechanism research remains preclinical. Most of the published human evidence comes from Russian research groups.

A synthetic heptapeptide derived from a fragment of ACTH, used in clinical practice in Russia for neuroprotection and cognitive support following stroke and brain injury. Studied for its potential effects on BDNF expression, memory enhancement, and neurological recovery.

A modified fragment of human growth hormone studied for its potential role in fat metabolism, designed to explore the lipolytic properties of growth hormone without influencing blood sugar or growth-promoting pathways. Also explored in cartilage and joint tissue research.

The cell-associated isoform of follistatin, a naturally occurring inhibitor of myostatin and activin that places a brake on muscle growth. Studied in muscle biology, Duchenne muscular dystrophy research, and as a scientific tool for understanding myostatin-pathway inhibition.

The only known human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, naturally produced by immune cells, skin, and mucosal surfaces as part of the innate immune defense. Studied for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, wound healing support, and immunomodulatory role in host defense.

N-Acetyl Cysteine — a well-established acetylated form of the amino acid cysteine, used for over 50 years as a mucolytic and as the definitive treatment for acetaminophen overdose. Extensively studied as a glutathione precursor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent across a wide range of conditions.

A synthetic peptide designed to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and activate the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway, which promotes synapse formation between neurons. Studied in the context of Alzheimer's disease research and cognitive function.

A naturally occurring thymic peptide involved in T-cell maturation and immune system regulation. Used clinically in some countries for chronic viral hepatitis and immune support in cancer patients; studied internationally for its immunomodulatory effects in immune-compromised states.

A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide found in human plasma, wound fluid, and saliva. In-vitro fibroblast studies show stimulation of collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis; a randomized topical post-laser study found no significant objective improvement over control, although patient satisfaction was higher. Circulating levels decline significantly with age.

Elamipretide (SS-31) is FDA-approved as FORZINITY for improving muscle strength in adult and pediatric patients (≥30 kg) with Barth syndrome. Its use for other mitochondrial conditions, aging, heart failure, and neurological indications remains investigational.

A 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within mitochondrial DNA, discovered in 2015. Studied for its roles in metabolic regulation, insulin sensitivity, and longevity biology. Often discussed as a potential exercise-mimetic compound due to its overlapping effects with physical activity at the cellular level.

A small peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome, originally discovered in research on familial Alzheimer's disease resistance. Studied for neuroprotective and cytoprotective properties, with circulating levels observed to decline significantly with age.

A short tripeptide derived from alpha-MSH, studied in animal and laboratory research for anti-inflammatory mechanisms — particularly in the gut — including NF-κB pathway-related work. These preclinical findings do not establish human intestinal benefit.

A naturally occurring neuropeptide originally isolated from rabbit blood during deep sleep, studied for its potential effects on sleep architecture and the stress response. Human evidence is limited and results from studies have been inconsistent.

A GLP-1 receptor agonist represented here through the distinct FDA-approved products Victoza and Saxenda; their labels and trial findings must not be interchanged.

A synthetic tripeptide studied primarily in preclinical and in-vitro research. The current evidence set does not establish human effects on cognition, aging, neuroprotection, or retinal disease.

An investigational once-weekly triple agonist targeting GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors. Lilly reported Phase 3 topline average weight-loss results of up to 20.8% at 80 weeks in TRIUMPH-2 and up to 22.6% at 80 weeks in TRIUMPH-3. The complete trial reports have not yet been peer reviewed, and retatrutide is not FDA approved.

A naturally occurring 28-amino-acid neuropeptide. The current record is limited to route-specific human IV pharmacology, inhaled pulmonary-hypertension research, and aviptadil trial-status context; it does not establish broad therapeutic benefit.

An FDA-approved GHRH analogue used to reduce excess abdominal fat in HIV-infected adults with lipodystrophy. It stimulates the body’s own growth hormone and IGF-1 pathways and remains under investigation for other metabolic and neurological questions.

A synthetic growth hormone secretagogue studied in controlled human GH-response, diagnostic, and appetite research. The cited studies do not establish a general therapeutic regimen, long-term safety, or superiority to other secretagogues.

A synthetic version of GnRH — the natural hormone produced by the hypothalamus to regulate the reproductive hormone axis. Historical human evidence includes diagnostic and pulsatile-treatment contexts for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; it does not establish a current U.S. marketed human product or a general TRT-adjunct use.

A synthetic analog of amylin — the hormone co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic beta cells — that helps regulate postprandial blood sugar through mechanisms distinct from insulin. FDA-approved as an adjunct to insulin therapy in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

A long-acting amylin receptor agonist in late-stage clinical development, studied primarily in combination with Semaglutide for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Designed to complement GLP-1 receptor agonism through a distinct but synergistic mechanism.

An exendin-4–based GLP-1 receptor agonist used in approved prescription products for labeled uses. In EXSCEL, once-weekly exenatide established cardiovascular safety noninferiority, not cardiovascular superiority.

An investigational preclinical peptide whose approved evidence is bounded to obese rhesus-macaque work. The study’s renal-toxicity signal is a material limit on translation, and there is no human interventional evidence.

A synthetic peptide designed to disrupt a specific protein interaction that allows senescent cells to evade programmed cell death. Studied in the emerging field of senolytics — approaches aimed at selectively clearing aged, dysfunctional cells from tissues to improve tissue function.

A TGF-β family protein studied in contested, assay-sensitive aging research. Mouse findings vary by model, dose, and measurement approach; no verified human interventional evidence is established.

A heterogeneous bovine thymic peptide preparation that must be distinguished from the defined Glu-Trp/Thymogen product. Russian literature reports immune and mortality-associated findings, but these are not independently replicated and do not establish a causal longevity benefit.

A non-erythropoietic peptide derived from the tissue-protective region of erythropoietin (EPO), engineered to retain EPO's nerve-protective effects without stimulating red blood cell production. Studied in small fiber neuropathy and sarcoidosis-related nerve damage.

MGF/IGF-1Ec is research terminology spanning endogenous expression biology, synthetic MGF-E peptides, and PEG-MGF; these are not interchangeable entities. The retained evidence is limited to cell-culture and animal research.

A standardized porcine brain-derived peptide/amino-acid mixture, not a single molecular entity. Clinical benefit is mixed and uncertain; evidence must remain condition-, population-, endpoint-, and product-specific.

An endogenous hormone with specified labeled obstetric uses and limited, study-specific intranasal social-cognition research.

A modified CNTF-derived pentapeptide studied only in verified animal models. It has no verified human interventional evidence, established human pharmacokinetics, or established human safety profile.

Long R3 IGF-I is a research variant that must be distinguished from native IGF-1, mecasermin, DES(1-3)-IGF-I, and other analogues. The retained evidence is exact-variant-specific nonhuman research.

A non-peptide, orally active small-molecule ghrelin-receptor agonist with bounded human GH/IGF-1 biomarker and body-composition findings. It remains investigational and is not FDA-approved.

The body's principal hunger-signaling hormone, a 28-amino-acid peptide secreted primarily by the stomach that simultaneously stimulates appetite and triggers growth hormone release. Widely studied in appetite regulation, energy balance, metabolic biology, and the neuroscience of hunger and reward.

A naturally occurring hypothalamic peptide that acts as a master upstream regulator of the reproductive hormone axis, triggering GnRH release and initiating the cascade that drives LH, FSH, and sex hormone production. Studied in reproductive medicine and the biology of puberty onset.

A synthetic GnRH agonist with product-specific U.S. approvals: TRELSTAR for advanced prostate cancer and TRIPTODUR for central precocious puberty in patients aged 2 years and older.

A cyclic octapeptide MC4R agonist with label-specific U.S. indications and age boundaries.

An endogenous 13-amino-acid peptide with limited exogenous human investigational evidence.

A modified 34-amino-acid dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist with China-specific approvals and direct Phase 3 evidence.

A native 29-amino-acid hormone with product-specific labeled glucagon uses.

An investigational heptapeptide of the renin-angiotensin system.

The endogenous hypothalamic hormone that broadly suppresses growth hormone, TSH, insulin, glucagon, and multiple gastrointestinal hormones. Breaks down within minutes in the body, limiting direct therapeutic use, but its long-acting analogs Octreotide and Lanreotide are FDA-approved and widely used.

A short synthetic peptide derived from the neurotensin receptor propeptide, studied as a potential novel antidepressant through TREK-1 potassium channel inhibition — a mechanism entirely distinct from conventional antidepressant pharmacology. All available research has been conducted in rodent models.

A small molecule also known as Noopept or GVS-111.

The smallest known hypothalamic releasing hormone, which regulates thyroid function through the pituitary. Its injectable diagnostic form (protirelin/Thyrel) was FDA-approved but is now discontinued. Proposed direct CNS effects — wakefulness, antidepressant activity, neuroprotection — remain mostly preclinical.

Native arginine vasopressin with VASOSTRICT label-scoped U.S. use.

A synthetic octapeptide under investigation, including celiac-disease and Long-COVID research contexts.

A non-standardized category of PEGylated MGF-related research constructs.

The mature circulating follistatin isoform, distinct from FST344 gene-transfer constructs.

A neuropeptide produced in the brain that is structurally similar to somatostatin but activates additional receptors, giving it a distinct immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory profile. Studied in models of inflammatory diseases, sepsis, and autoimmune conditions.

A zinc-dependent nonapeptide secreted exclusively by thymic epithelial cells, essential for promoting T-cell maturation and differentiation. Studied as both a marker and potential therapeutic target in immune aging research, given its documented decline alongside age-related thymic involution.

The body's most abundant endogenous antioxidant tripeptide, central to cellular defense against oxidative stress. Human evidence for therapeutic administration is indication-specific — a small open-label Parkinson's disease study and a historical chemotherapy-neuroprotection trial — rather than support for the broader range of uses sometimes claimed.

An endogenous dipeptide studied for its roles as a pH buffer, antioxidant, and anti-glycation agent. Three small randomized human trials report exploratory glycemic and biomarker findings in diabetes-related conditions; broader cognitive, anti-aging, and exercise claims remain preclinical.

Mecasermin is a distinct recombinant prescription product with a narrow labeled pediatric indication; it is not interchangeable with IGF-1 research analogs or consumer uses.

The full-length, N-terminally acetylated 43-amino-acid precursor from which the TB-500 fragment is derived. Full-length Tβ4 has been studied in registered human clinical trials for dry eye disease, with mixed and largely inconclusive results — it has not been shown to be an approved or established therapy.

The naturally produced incretin hormone that inspired the GLP-1 receptor agonist drug class. Direct human studies confirm its role in glucose-dependent insulin secretion and glucagon suppression; the cardiovascular and other outcome data associated with GLP-1 drugs belong to those separate drug entries.

An endogenous incretin hormone secreted after meals that stimulates insulin release, though its effect is blunted in type 2 diabetes. GIP receptor biology underlies the design of tirzepatide, a separate FDA-approved dual-agonist drug; this entry describes native GIP itself, not that drug's clinical outcomes.

A gut-derived peptide hormone released after meals that suppresses appetite by acting on Y2 receptors in the hypothalamus and gut. Studied as one of the body's natural satiety signals and of research interest in obesity and appetite neuroscience.

A metabolic hormone produced by the liver that regulates fat metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and energy balance, and is elevated naturally during fasting. Studied for its therapeutic potential in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH/MASH), metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia.

A transmembrane glycoprotein first identified through a 1997 mouse-genetics experiment showing a phenotype resembling premature ageing when the gene was disrupted. In a human hemodialysis population, lower circulating soluble Klotho has been associated with higher mortality and cardiovascular events — an observational finding, not a demonstrated anti-aging or treatment effect.

An endogenous hypothalamic neuropeptide that is the brain's principal wakefulness-promoting signal. The selective destruction of orexin-producing neurons is the direct biological cause of narcolepsy type 1, making it central to sleep medicine and circadian research.

A synthetic ACTH(1-24) fragment used as the diagnostic agent cosyntropin to help evaluate adrenal cortisol response.

One of the body's endogenous opioid peptides (as Opioid Growth Factor, OGF), studied mainly through preclinical and mechanistic cancer-biology research. Human evidence includes early Phase I safety work and a small Phase II open-label study in advanced pancreatic cancer; neither establishes anticancer efficacy.

Recombinant human growth hormone used in multiple FDA-approved products for growth hormone deficiency and other product-specific indications. It is one of the best-established therapeutic proteins in the growth hormone/IGF-1 field.

A GnRH agonist represented through the current Lupron Depot product label; formulations and labeled uses are not interchangeable.

A long-acting synthetic somatostatin analogue used in FDA-approved treatment of acromegaly and symptomatic hormone excess from carcinoid tumors and VIPomas. It also has extensive research and off-label use across neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal medicine.

A placental hormone represented through distinct prescription hCG products used in product-specific reproductive care; it is not an approved weight-loss therapy.

A GnRH antagonist represented by FIRMAGON for advanced prostate cancer; it should not be described as proven cardiovascular-superior to GnRH agonists.

An FDA-approved oral peptide drug that acts mainly inside the intestine through GC-C/cGMP signaling to increase fluid secretion and bowel transit. It is used for IBS-C in adults and pediatric patients 7 years of age and older, CIC in adults, and functional constipation in pediatric patients 2 years of age and older.

An FDA-approved GLP-2 analog for adults and pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with short bowel syndrome who are dependent on parenteral support. It promotes intestinal adaptation and absorption and can reduce parenteral-support requirements.

A 27-amino-acid intestinal hormone used clinically as synthetic human secretin (ChiRhoStim) for diagnostic procedures involving pancreatic secretion, gastrin secretion, and ERCP. Controlled clinical trials did not demonstrate efficacy for autism.

The naturally produced intestinal hormone that provided the biological basis for the approved drug Teduglutide. Small human studies show native GLP-2 can increase intestinal blood flow and, in a small short bowel syndrome cohort, reduce fecal losses — informative early findings, not evidence of an approved or broadly proven therapy.

A 28-amino-acid cardiac hormone, discovered in a 1981 rat experiment, released by heart muscle cells in response to elevated pressure and volume. A recombinant human-ANP drug product (carperitide) has been studied in a registered human clinical trial for heart failure.

A cardiac hormone released by the ventricles under stress, and the basis for a widely used heart-failure biomarker. Its recombinant drug form, nesiritide (Natrecor), was FDA-approved in 2001 for acute heart failure but is now discontinued after a large outcomes trial found no mortality/rehospitalization benefit.

The primary bioactive hormone of the renin-angiotensin system, responsible for blood vessel constriction and blood pressure maintenance. Recently FDA-approved as Giapreza for vasodilatory shock, and the central molecular target around which ACE inhibitors and ARBs — two of the most widely prescribed drug classes in medicine — were designed.

An FDA-approved 34-amino-acid fragment of human parathyroid hormone used as an anabolic, bone-building therapy for osteoporosis in people at high fracture risk.

A 32-amino-acid peptide hormone that reduces osteoclast activity and lowers serum calcium. Calcitonin salmon remains FDA-approved for selected bone and calcium disorders, but its role in osteoporosis is now limited and current labeling states that fracture-reduction efficacy has not been demonstrated.

An FDA-approved synthetic 34-amino-acid PTHrP analogue used as TYMLOS for osteoporosis in eligible postmenopausal women and men. Strong evidence is specific to labeled osteoporosis use, not anti-aging.

A 16 mg controlled-release SCENESSE implant for adults with EPP and phototoxic reactions. It is inserted above the anterior supra-iliac crest every 2 months to increase pain-free light exposure; it is not a tanning treatment.

A synthetic vasopressin analogue used in several FDA-approved formulations for conditions including central diabetes insipidus, selected bleeding disorders, primary nocturnal enuresis, and nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria. Approved uses and safety differ by formulation.

An 11-amino-acid, C-terminally amidated neuropeptide central to pain-signaling research. Direct human studies show it can induce headache/vascular effects and skin inflammation when administered; NK1 receptor antagonists that block its signaling are FDA-approved for chemotherapy-induced nausea, though not for pain.

An endogenous 31-amino-acid POMC-derived opioid peptide studied in physiology and signaling research. Endogenous biology is not evidence that administered beta-endorphin is an established therapy or nootropic.

An FDA-approved intrathecal-only ziconotide product for severe chronic pain when other treatment is inadequate or not tolerated. Current PRIALT dosing starts at no more than 2.4 mcg/day and has a recommended maximum of 19.2 mcg/day.

An FDA-approved synthetic peptide that selectively blocks bradykinin B2 receptors to treat acute hereditary angioedema attacks in U.S. adults 18 years of age and older. It blocks bradykinin-mediated swelling; laryngeal attacks still require immediate medical evaluation.

An endogenous nonapeptide in the kallikrein-kinin system that helps explain vascular regulation, vascular permeability, pain and inflammatory signaling, hereditary angioedema, and ACE-inhibitor pharmacology. Human evidence supports B2-receptor involvement in bradykinin-induced vasodilation.

Recombinant regular human insulin is an established medical therapy for diabetes. This record uses HUMULIN R U-100 as a product anchor, keeps it distinct from insulin analogues, and emphasizes individualized dosing and glucose monitoring.

Oxidized NAD+ studied mainly through direct IV disposition and short-term tolerability research. Direct human evidence exists, but therapeutic effectiveness and wellness or longevity benefits remain limited and uncertain.

An NAD+ precursor with a small, population-specific human study and separate animal research; broad health and longevity benefits are unestablished.

An NAD+ precursor with human biomarker and tolerability research; clinical benefits for aging or disease are unestablished.

Creatine monohydrate has exercise-context evidence and a separate narrow older-adult cognition study; it is not established as a longevity intervention.

An established prescription medicine for type 2 diabetes with separate, investigational aging research. Observational mortality associations and aging-biology studies do not prove human lifespan extension.

Sirolimus (rapamycin) is an established prescription medicine with product-specific transplant and rare-disease uses. Mouse lifespan findings are preclinical; human longevity benefit and a longevity dose remain unestablished.

A dietary and endogenous polyamine with separate preclinical, animal, and human dietary-observational evidence; supplemental longevity benefit is unestablished.

A gut-microbiota-derived metabolite and administered postbiotic studied for mitophagy and muscle-related biology. Human intervention evidence exists, but preclinical lifespan findings and short-term human outcomes do not establish human longevity benefit.

A flavonoid with preclinical fisetin senolytic evidence and registered human research without posted results. Human therapeutic efficacy, long-term safety, and a standardized dose remain unestablished.

Parent flavonol with preliminary longevity evidence. The most relevant cited senolytic-oriented human pilot tested dasatinib plus quercetin, not quercetin alone.

Endogenous Krebs-cycle metabolite. The cited longevity study used Ca-AKG in mice; no human lifespan extension has been established.

Plant alkaloid with limited human metabolic research; the evidence is not proof of clinical equivalence to metformin or of longevity efficacy.

Purified trans-resveratrol has limited short-term human metabolic research; it has not been shown to extend human lifespan.

A synthetic tripeptide-copper complex structurally related to GHK-Cu, differing by a single amino acid (alanine replacing glycine). Studied in cosmeceutical research for collagen synthesis, skin remodeling, and hair follicle biology, with a more limited evidence base than GHK-Cu.

An endogenous metabolic hormone from adipose tissue that signals energy stores to the brain; metreleptin (MYALEPT) is its recombinant replacement therapy for complications of leptin deficiency in generalized lipodystrophy.

A two-chain insulin-superfamily peptide hormone that remodels connective tissue, reduces fibrosis, and dilates blood vessels. Studied in acute heart failure (Phase III trial failed primary endpoint), renal protection, and anti-fibrotic applications. Produced naturally in pregnancy.

One of the most abundant neuropeptides in the brain, regulating appetite, stress resilience, anxiety, sleep, and cardiovascular tone. Strong preclinical evidence base; limited human data. Research interest highest in PTSD, stress resilience, and anxiety modulation.

An experimental GLP-1/GIP/Y2 triple agonist being studied for obesity. Early human testing has been completed, and a Phase 2 weight-loss study is underway. It is not FDA approved.

An emerging follistatin-associated research construct with very limited compound-specific evidence. Related albumin-binding peptide technology is documented, but FLGR-242 itself does not yet have published human efficacy, safety, or pharmacokinetic data.